介绍两种 Linux 环境下测试硬件性能的方法.
在 Linux 环境下如何测试 CPU 等硬件和
操作系统性能？目前看来常用的有 UnixBench 和 GeekBach，前者源于 Unix，GPL v2 授权下的自由软件，GeekBach 是跨平台的知名跑分软件，但结果需要上传服务器通过网址查看。
下面简单介绍两种跑分软件使用方法。
UnixBench
UnixBench 是最初的 BYTE UNIX 基准套件，经过多年的更新和修订。测试结果是一个系统指标，而非 CPU、 RAM 或磁盘指标。因此测试结果不仅取决于硬件，还取决于操作系统、库，甚至编译器，评分结果能够反映机器实际运行水平。
首先需要获取源码，方法有很多种：
- http://byte-unixbench.googlecode.com/files/UnixBench5.1.3.tgz
- https://code.google.com/p/byte-unixbench/
- https://github.com/kdlucas/byte-unixbench
- https://gitee.com/songtianlun/byte-unixbench
软件依赖以下软件包，大部分系统中都自带了，若却是可自行安装：
libx11-dev
libgl1-mesa-dev
libxext-dev
perl
perl-modules
make
gcc这里以国内的 gitee 镜像源为例说明使用方法：
$ git clone https://gitee.com/songtianlun/byte-unixbench
$ cd byte-unixbench
$ cd UnixBench
$ make
$ ./Run这里贴一个我的 Ubuntu 台式机跑分截图：
# # # # # # # ##### ###### # # #### # #
# # ## # # # # # # # ## # # # # #
# # # # # # ## ##### ##### # # # # ######
# # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # #
# # # ## # # # # # # # ## # # # #
#### # # # # # ##### ###### # # #### # #
Version 5.1.3 Based on the Byte Magazine Unix Benchmark
Multi-CPU version Version 5 revisions by Ian Smith,
Sunnyvale, CA, USA
January 13, 2011 johantheghost at yahoo period com
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Use directories for:
* File I/O tests (named fs***) = /home/songtianlun/dev/byte-unixbench/UnixBench/tmp
* Results = /home/songtianlun/dev/byte-unixbench/UnixBench/results
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wide character in print at ./Run line 1643.
Wide character in printf at ./Run line 1674.
1 x Dhrystone 2 using register variables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 x Double-Precision Whetstone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 x Execl Throughput 1 2 3
1 x File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 1 2 3
1 x File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1 2 3
1 x File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 1 2 3
1 x Pipe Throughput 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 x Pipe-based Context Switching 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 x Process Creation 1 2 3
1 x System Call Overhead 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 x Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 1 2 3
1 x Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 1 2 3
Wide character in printf at ./Run line 1574.
12 x Dhrystone 2 using register variables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
12 x Double-Precision Whetstone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
12 x Execl Throughput 1 2 3
12 x File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 1 2 3
12 x File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1 2 3
12 x File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 1 2 3
12 x Pipe Throughput 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
12 x Pipe-based Context Switching 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
12 x Process Creation 1 2 3
12 x System Call Overhead 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
12 x Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 1 2 3
12 x Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 1 2 3
Wide character in printf at ./Run line 1574.
========================================================================
BYTE UNIX Benchmarks (Version 5.1.3)
System: iEUCD-DP: GNU/Linux
OS: GNU/Linux -- 5.11.0-40-generic -- #44~20.04.2-Ubuntu SMP Tue Oct 26 18:07:44 UTC 2021
Machine: x86_64 (x86_64)
Language: en_US.utf8 (charmap="UTF-8", collate="UTF-8")
CPU 0: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700 CPU @ 3.20GHz (6400.0 bogomips)
Hyper-Threading, x86-64, MMX, Physical Address Ext, SYSENTER/SYSEXIT, SYSCALL/SYSRET, Intel virtualization
CPU 1: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700 CPU @ 3.20GHz (6400.0 bogomips)
Hyper-Threading, x86-64, MMX, Physical Address Ext, SYSENTER/SYSEXIT, SYSCALL/SYSRET, Intel virtualization
CPU 2: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700 CPU @ 3.20GHz (6400.0 bogomips)
Hyper-Threading, x86-64, MMX, Physical Address Ext, SYSENTER/SYSEXIT, SYSCALL/SYSRET, Intel virtualization
CPU 3: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700 CPU @ 3.20GHz (6400.0 bogomips)
Hyper-Threading, x86-64, MMX, Physical Address Ext, SYSENTER/SYSEXIT, SYSCALL/SYSRET, Intel virtualization
CPU 4: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700 CPU @ 3.20GHz (6400.0 bogomips)
Hyper-Threading, x86-64, MMX, Physical Address Ext, SYSENTER/SYSEXIT, SYSCALL/SYSRET, Intel virtualization
CPU 5: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700 CPU @ 3.20GHz (6400.0 bogomips)
Hyper-Threading, x86-64, MMX, Physical Address Ext, SYSENTER/SYSEXIT, SYSCALL/SYSRET, Intel virtualization
CPU 6: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700 CPU @ 3.20GHz (6400.0 bogomips)
Hyper-Threading, x86-64, MMX, Physical Address Ext, SYSENTER/SYSEXIT, SYSCALL/SYSRET, Intel virtualization
CPU 7: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700 CPU @ 3.20GHz (6400.0 bogomips)
Hyper-Threading, x86-64, MMX, Physical Address Ext, SYSENTER/SYSEXIT, SYSCALL/SYSRET, Intel virtualization
CPU 8: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700 CPU @ 3.20GHz (6400.0 bogomips)
Hyper-Threading, x86-64, MMX, Physical Address Ext, SYSENTER/SYSEXIT, SYSCALL/SYSRET, Intel virtualization
CPU 9: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700 CPU @ 3.20GHz (6400.0 bogomips)
Hyper-Threading, x86-64, MMX, Physical Address Ext, SYSENTER/SYSEXIT, SYSCALL/SYSRET, Intel virtualization
CPU 10: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700 CPU @ 3.20GHz (6400.0 bogomips)
Hyper-Threading, x86-64, MMX, Physical Address Ext, SYSENTER/SYSEXIT, SYSCALL/SYSRET, Intel virtualization
CPU 11: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700 CPU @ 3.20GHz (6400.0 bogomips)
Hyper-Threading, x86-64, MMX, Physical Address Ext, SYSENTER/SYSEXIT, SYSCALL/SYSRET, Intel virtualization
14:50:16 up 1 day, 6:34, 1 user, load average: 2.20, 1.98, 1.52; runlevel 2021-11-15
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: 二 11月 16 2021 14:50:16 - 15:18:54
12 CPUs in system; running 1 parallel copy of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 54416494.5 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 9192.6 MWIPS (9.9 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 5124.7 lps (29.8 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 782614.2 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 210870.1 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 2288003.4 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 1107551.7 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 218157.6 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 8658.4 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 11185.4 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6116.3 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 632358.4 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 54416494.5 4662.9
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 9192.6 1671.4
Execl Throughput 43.0 5124.7 1191.8
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 782614.2 1976.3
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 210870.1 1274.1
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 2288003.4 3944.8
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 1107551.7 890.3
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 218157.6 545.4
Process Creation 126.0 8658.4 687.2
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 11185.4 2638.1
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 6116.3 10193.8
System Call Overhead 15000.0 632358.4 421.6
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 1628.9
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: 二 11月 16 2021 15:18:54 - 15:49:27
12 CPUs in system; running 12 parallel copies of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 362748151.2 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 85731.9 MWIPS (11.0 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 29218.2 lps (29.6 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 1434940.2 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 378005.3 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 4404508.3 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 7215234.9 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 1435757.8 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 81282.6 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 4810.3 lpm (60.1 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 7468.5 lpm (60.1 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 4259945.6 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 362748151.2 31083.8
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 85731.9 15587.6
Execl Throughput 43.0 29218.2 6794.9
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 1434940.2 3623.6
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 378005.3 2284.0
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 4404508.3 7594.0
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 7215234.9 5800.0
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 1435757.8 3589.4
Process Creation 126.0 81282.6 6451.0
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 4810.3 1134.5
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 7468.5 12447.5
System Call Overhead 15000.0 4259945.6 2840.0
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 5674.5可以看到，单核跑分结果 1628.9 ，多核结果 5674.5 。炮分时可以用身边其他设备的分数作对比衡量跑分机器性能。
GeekBach
**官网**下载，跑完后通过地址查看分数即可，这里贴上部分的执行截图：
$ cd Geekbench-5.4.3-Linux/
$ ls
geekbench5 geekbench.plar geekbench_x86_64
$ ./geekbench_x86_64
Geekbench 5.4.3 Tryout : https://www.geekbench.com/
Geekbench 5 requires an active Internet connection when in tryout mode and
automatically uploads benchmark results to the Geekbench Browser.
Buy a Geekbench 5 license from the Primate Labs Store to enable offline use
and unlock other features:
https://store.primatelabs.com/v5
Enter your Geekbench 5 license using the following command line:
./geekbench_x86_64 --unlock <email> <key>
Running Gathering system information
System Information
Operating System Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS
Kernel Linux 5.11.0-40-generic x86_64
Model LENOVO 90M2CTO1WW
Motherboard LENOVO 3176
BIOS LENOVO M2YKT19A
Processor Information
Name Intel Core i7-8700
Topology 1 Processor, 6 Cores, 12 Threads
Identifier GenuineIntel Family 6 Model 158 Stepping 10
Base Frequency 4.60 GHz
L1 Instruction Cache 32.0 KB x 6
L1 Data Cache 32.0 KB x 6
L2 Cache 256 KB x 6
L3 Cache 12.0 MB
Memory Information
Size 15.5 GB
...同样用 Ubuntu 台式机跑了一遍，可以在 这里 查看跑分结果：
Linux 环境下我个人倾向于使用开源软件 Unixbench ，可以直接在终端查看结果，无需联网。
至此，本文介绍了 Linux 环境下的跑分方法。